Eunice Andrada
Sydney, Australia
To Speak Water
Part poetry and part lyric collection, To Speak Water explores the open wounds of water memory. Across languages and bodies of water in the Taleggio Valley to the Philippine islands, these poems speak to the personhood of water as witness, as deity, as sexual being and as a vessel for inherited traumas. Giving a voice to the violences that water endures, Andrada pays homage to Italian poetic forms and Hiligaynon beliefs in her series of communions with water. You can explore the poetic soundscapes that accompany each section of the collection here: https://soundcloud.com/eunice-andrada
Eunice Andrada is an award-winning Filipina poet, lyricist and teaching artist based in Sydney, Australia. Featured in The Guardian, CNN International, ABC News and other media, she has performed her poetry in diverse international stages, from the Sydney Opera House to the UN Climate Negotiations in Paris. Her work has been translated into Tagalog, Hiligaynon, French, Japanese, Czech and Italian. In 2018, the Amundsen-Scott Station in the South Pole of Antarctica will feature her poetry in a special exhibition on climate change. Flood Damages is her first book of poetry: https://goo.gl/prWTTf
Sydney, Australia
To Speak Water
Part poetry and part lyric collection, To Speak Water explores the open wounds of water memory. Across languages and bodies of water in the Taleggio Valley to the Philippine islands, these poems speak to the personhood of water as witness, as deity, as sexual being and as a vessel for inherited traumas. Giving a voice to the violences that water endures, Andrada pays homage to Italian poetic forms and Hiligaynon beliefs in her series of communions with water. You can explore the poetic soundscapes that accompany each section of the collection here: https://soundcloud.com/eunice-andrada
Eunice Andrada is an award-winning Filipina poet, lyricist and teaching artist based in Sydney, Australia. Featured in The Guardian, CNN International, ABC News and other media, she has performed her poetry in diverse international stages, from the Sydney Opera House to the UN Climate Negotiations in Paris. Her work has been translated into Tagalog, Hiligaynon, French, Japanese, Czech and Italian. In 2018, the Amundsen-Scott Station in the South Pole of Antarctica will feature her poetry in a special exhibition on climate change. Flood Damages is her first book of poetry: https://goo.gl/prWTTf
Parlare acqua
Parte poesia, parte lirica, Parlare Acqua esplora le ferite aperte della memoria dell'acqua. Attraverso lingue e corpi d’acqua dalla Val Taleggio alle isole filippine, queste poesie parlano alla impersonificazione dell'acqua come testimone, come divinità, come essere sessuale e come recipiente per i traumi ereditati. Dando voce alle violenze che l'acqua sopporta, Andrada rende omaggio alle forme poetiche italiane e alle credenze di Hiligaynon nella sua serie di comunioni con l'acqua.
Eunice Andrada è una poetessa filippina pluripremiata, paroliere e insegnante. Vive a Sydney, in Australia. Pubblicata su The Guardian, CNN International, ABC News e altri media, ha recitato la sua poesia in diversi palcoscenici internazionali, dalla Sydney Opera House ai negoziati sul clima delle Nazioni Unite a Parigi. Il suo lavoro è stato tradotto in Tagalog, Hiligaynon, francese, ceco, giapponese e italiano. Nel 2018, la stazione Amundsen-Scott nel Polo Sud dell'Antartide mostrerà la sua poesia in una mostra speciale sui cambiamenti climatici. Flood Damages è il suo primo libro di poesie.
Jill Anholt
Vancouver, BC Canada
Water:Life
Pure potable water, some of the best in the world, is diverted directly from mineral springs to flow continuously through thousands of public drinking fountains in Italy, delivering a message of water as an infinite, inexhaustible resource. In our current global context of a changing climate, water can no longer be taken for granted as ecosystems and environments that protect vital water resources are becoming more threatened. Drawing attention to the local natural and constructed systems that deliver and dispose of this valuable yet under-appreciated resource, my project provokes people, to notice water again and to remember how precious and important it is to life in all forms.
Jill Anholt is an artist living in Vancouver, Canada who holds both a Master’s degree in Architecture and a Bachelor’s degree in Science. Her art practice centers on the creation of context specific installations in public spaces. Jill has installed more than 30 permanent works ranging from smaller scale interactive sculptural elements to complex integrated civic projects for cities across North America. The works she creates reveal invisible processes and hidden narratives, exploring the complex relationship between nature and culture.
Vancouver, BC Canada
Water:Life
Pure potable water, some of the best in the world, is diverted directly from mineral springs to flow continuously through thousands of public drinking fountains in Italy, delivering a message of water as an infinite, inexhaustible resource. In our current global context of a changing climate, water can no longer be taken for granted as ecosystems and environments that protect vital water resources are becoming more threatened. Drawing attention to the local natural and constructed systems that deliver and dispose of this valuable yet under-appreciated resource, my project provokes people, to notice water again and to remember how precious and important it is to life in all forms.
Jill Anholt is an artist living in Vancouver, Canada who holds both a Master’s degree in Architecture and a Bachelor’s degree in Science. Her art practice centers on the creation of context specific installations in public spaces. Jill has installed more than 30 permanent works ranging from smaller scale interactive sculptural elements to complex integrated civic projects for cities across North America. The works she creates reveal invisible processes and hidden narratives, exploring the complex relationship between nature and culture.
Acqua:Vita
In Italia, l’acqua potabile pura, tra le migliori al mondo, viene deviata direttamente dalle sorgenti minerali pre scorrere continuamente attraverso migliaia di fontanelle pubbliche, offrendo un messaggio che l’acqua sia una risorsa infinita ed inesauribile. Nel nostro attuale contesto globale di un clima che cambia, l'acqua non può più essere data per scontata in quanto gli ecosistemi e gli ambienti che proteggono le risorse idriche vitali sono sempre più minacciati. Attirando/Ponendo l'attenzione sui sistemi locali naturali e costruiti che forniscono e smaltiscono questa risorsa preziosa ma sottovalutata, il mio progetto stimola le persone a notare di nuovo l'acqua e a ricordare quanto sia preziosa e importante per la vita in tutte le sue forme.
Jill Anholt è un'artista che vive a Vancouver BC, con un Master in Architettura e una laurea in Scienze. La sua pratica artistica è incentrata sulla creazione di installazioni contestuali specifiche per spazi pubblici. Jill ha installato più di 30 opere permanenti che vanno dagli elementi scultorei interattivi su scala ridotta a complessi progetti civici integrati per le città del Nord America. Le opere che crea rivelano processi invisibili e narrazioni nascoste, esplorando la complessa relazione tra natura e cultura.
Tiffany Henschel
USA
Time is Water
This project is a multimedia exploration into water as an indication of time in the Taleggio Valley. It studies the effects of water as they relate to growth, decay, subjectivity, and personal bias through different visualizations and interfaces. Inspired by a plastic bag found during a hike that had essentially turned into the shape of a rock through years of impact with rushing water, these studies hope to enhance our understanding of water as a precious, powerful, yet finite resource rather than omnipresent and perpetual, even in a region where it is seemingly abundant.
Tiffany Henschel is an interdisciplinary designer, researcher, and data lover using new media and technology to uncover connections in hyperlocal spaces. She combines physical and digital worlds to reveal ephemeral aspects and methods of communication and interpersonal exchange. Intrigued with how people navigate through local spaces and spread ideas over time, she has a keen interest in wayfinding and maps, and prefers to“sweat the small stuff,” focusing on the liminal, the minutiae, to see how they affect the macro. Tiffany recently received her MFA (and NAHR Fellowship) in Media Design Practices from Art Center College of Design in Pasadena.
USA
Time is Water
This project is a multimedia exploration into water as an indication of time in the Taleggio Valley. It studies the effects of water as they relate to growth, decay, subjectivity, and personal bias through different visualizations and interfaces. Inspired by a plastic bag found during a hike that had essentially turned into the shape of a rock through years of impact with rushing water, these studies hope to enhance our understanding of water as a precious, powerful, yet finite resource rather than omnipresent and perpetual, even in a region where it is seemingly abundant.
Tiffany Henschel is an interdisciplinary designer, researcher, and data lover using new media and technology to uncover connections in hyperlocal spaces. She combines physical and digital worlds to reveal ephemeral aspects and methods of communication and interpersonal exchange. Intrigued with how people navigate through local spaces and spread ideas over time, she has a keen interest in wayfinding and maps, and prefers to“sweat the small stuff,” focusing on the liminal, the minutiae, to see how they affect the macro. Tiffany recently received her MFA (and NAHR Fellowship) in Media Design Practices from Art Center College of Design in Pasadena.
Tempo e’ Acqua
Questo progetto è un'esplorazione multimediale che usa l'acqua come indicazione del tempo nella Val Taleggio. Studia gli effetti dell'acqua in relazione a crescita, decadimento, soggettività e pregiudizi personali attraverso diverse visualizzazioni e interfacce. Ispirata dal ritrovamento di una borsa di plastica appallottolata, trovata durante una passeggiata, che si è essenzialmente trasformata in una roccia in anni di impatto con l'acqua che scorre, questi studi sperano di migliorare la nostra comprensione dell'acqua come risorsa preziosa, potente, ma limitata piuttosto che onnipresente e perpetua, anche in una regione in cui è apparentemente abbondante.
Tiffany Henschel è una designer interdisciplinare, ricercatrice e amante dei dati che usa nuovi media e tecnologia per scoprire connessioni in spazi iperlocali. Combina mondi fisici e digitali per rivelare aspetti effimeri e metodi di comunicazione e scambio interpersonale. Incuriosita dal modo in cui le persone navigano attraverso gli spazi locali e nella diffusione delle idee nel tempo, ha un forte interesse per wayfinding e mappe, e preferisce concentrandosi sul liminale, le minuzie, i dettagli per capire come il micro influenza il macro. Tiffany ha recentemente ricevuto il suo MFA (e la Fellowship NAHR) in Media Design Practices presso l'Art Center College of Design di Pasadena.
The overall experience of being there was fantastic. Hiking every day. Time spent with colleagues was really special. The community we got to build as a bunch of creatives and creators was really exceptional. It’s something I won't forget at all... I wasn’t used to working quite so alone in a way, as an architect. This was a great way to put my own creativity and as an architect and as an individual to the test...
It was very clear in my time at NAHR, that there was a…fully ecological way of substituting from cheese to water to cows all of it was…such a fully realized relationship without the strange structures that divide us from those spaces and processes and I think that that is pivotal to how we all need to be working and thinking.
Reference: Maddox, S.(2020, 21 August 2020) NAH_Stories/Interviewer: Katie de Bari. NAH_Stories, Nature, Art & Habitat Residency.
Samuel Maddox
Boston, MA USA
Sip, Serve, Share: Symbiotic Pottery
Water is political, not partisan. It simultaneously inscribes lines between countries, peoples, races, and still flows defiantly past political boundaries. Water can be both a promising means of transport and yet menacingly scarce to the imperiled and disenfranchised who migrate toward the pull of prosperity; their paths across seas and deserts like the streams that wind down the mountainside, beckoned by gravity. Even the simple water fountain brings with it a multifarious and divisive past. Where mid-century drinking fountains were divided by race in the American south, Italian fountains have long stood as a physical manifestation of democracy. The Italian fontanelle acts as a node of sociality and a place where differences are cast aside as our universal need for water unites those of various classes, races, genders, nationalities, and even species. As our world becomes increasingly divided by toxic politics and advanced capitalism, the infrastructure of the fountain stands as a reminder of our shared dependence upon both water and one another. Sip, Serve, Share is a collection of clay vessels that each reactivate the environ of the public fountain as social node by necessitating communication and collaboration in order to achieve their individual functions.
Samuel Maddox is an architect and academic studying Urbanism, Landscape, and Ecology at Havard’s GSD. His research is at the intersection of landscape and sociocultural practices with particular interest in economic flows and equitable disparities between urban and rural populations.
Boston, MA USA
Sip, Serve, Share: Symbiotic Pottery
Water is political, not partisan. It simultaneously inscribes lines between countries, peoples, races, and still flows defiantly past political boundaries. Water can be both a promising means of transport and yet menacingly scarce to the imperiled and disenfranchised who migrate toward the pull of prosperity; their paths across seas and deserts like the streams that wind down the mountainside, beckoned by gravity. Even the simple water fountain brings with it a multifarious and divisive past. Where mid-century drinking fountains were divided by race in the American south, Italian fountains have long stood as a physical manifestation of democracy. The Italian fontanelle acts as a node of sociality and a place where differences are cast aside as our universal need for water unites those of various classes, races, genders, nationalities, and even species. As our world becomes increasingly divided by toxic politics and advanced capitalism, the infrastructure of the fountain stands as a reminder of our shared dependence upon both water and one another. Sip, Serve, Share is a collection of clay vessels that each reactivate the environ of the public fountain as social node by necessitating communication and collaboration in order to achieve their individual functions.
Samuel Maddox is an architect and academic studying Urbanism, Landscape, and Ecology at Havard’s GSD. His research is at the intersection of landscape and sociocultural practices with particular interest in economic flows and equitable disparities between urban and rural populations.
Sorseggia, Servi, Condividi: Ceramica simbiotica
L'acqua è politica, non partigiana. Imprime simultaneamente le linee tra paesi, popoli, razze, ma scorre in modo provocatorio oltre i confini politici. L'acqua può essere sia un mezzo di trasporto promettente, ma minacciosamente minaccioso per gli inermi e i diseredati che migrano verso l'attrazione della prosperità; i loro sentieri attraverso mari e deserti come i torrenti che si snodano lungo la montagna, attirati dalla gravità. Anche la semplice fontana d'acqua porta con sé un passato multiforme e divisivo. Laddove le fontane sono state divisione etnica nel sud americano, le fontane italiane sono state a lungo una manifestazione fisica della democrazia. La fontana italiana agisce come un nodo di socialità e un luogo in cui le differenze sono messe da parte, poiché il nostro bisogno universale di acqua unisce quelli di varie classi, razze, generi, nazionalità e persino specie. Mentre il nostro mondo diventa sempre più diviso dalla politica tossica e dal capitalismo avanzato, l'infrastruttura della fontana si pone come promemoria della nostra dipendenza condivisa sia dall'acqua che l’un l’altro. Sip, Serve, Share è una collezione di vasi di argilla che riattivano ciascuno l'ambiente della fontana pubblica come nodo sociale, rendendo necessaria la comunicazione e la collaborazione per raggiungere le funzioni individuali.
Samuel Maddox è un architetto degli Stati Uniti rurali che studia Urbanismo, Paesaggio ed Ecologia al GSD di Harvard. La sua ricerca esiste alla confluenza del paesaggio, dell'ecologia politica urbana e della pratica socioculturale con particolare interesse per le disparità economiche e di potere tra le popolazioni urbane e rurali.
Giulia Mattera
London, UK
Sensory Map
How does the body react to water? How does your body eliminate water and how do these processes affect the environment? What is the effect of cold water on the body? The final result of this research is a site-specific work consisting of a multi-sensorial map/guide that will lead each audience in an individual journey of self-discovery and reconnection. Via it the audience member will be able to directly engage and experience the effects of water through his/her emotional, sensorial and physical body.
Giulia Mattera is a performance artist whose work questions gender, everyday life and socially structured ritualized behaviors. Her research based practice explores natural elements via the body, through which she sets herself tasks that deal with failure and challenge the preconceptions of bodymind limitations.
London, UK
Sensory Map
How does the body react to water? How does your body eliminate water and how do these processes affect the environment? What is the effect of cold water on the body? The final result of this research is a site-specific work consisting of a multi-sensorial map/guide that will lead each audience in an individual journey of self-discovery and reconnection. Via it the audience member will be able to directly engage and experience the effects of water through his/her emotional, sensorial and physical body.
Giulia Mattera is a performance artist whose work questions gender, everyday life and socially structured ritualized behaviors. Her research based practice explores natural elements via the body, through which she sets herself tasks that deal with failure and challenge the preconceptions of bodymind limitations.
Mappa Sensoriale
Come reagisce il corpo a contatto con l’acqua? In quali modi il corpo elimina l’acqua e qual è l’effetto di questi processi sull’ambiente circostante? Qual è l’effetto dell’acqua fredda sul corpo? Il risultato finale di questa ricerca è un lavoro site-specific che consiste in una mappa / guida multisensoriale che condurrà ciascun pubblico in un percorso individuale di scoperta di sé e riconnessione. In questo modo, il membro del pubblico sarà in grado di coinvolgere direttamente e sperimentare gli effetti dell'acqua attraverso il suo corpo emotivo, sensoriale e fisico.
Giulia Mattera è una performance artist il cui lavoro mette in discussione il genere, la vita di tutti i giorni e comportamenti ritualizzati strutturati socialmente. La sua pratica basata sulla ricerca esplora gli elementi naturali attraverso il corpo, attraverso i quali si pone dei compiti che affrontano il problema e sfidano i preconcetti delle limitazioni della mente e del corpo.
Skye Moret
USA
Cues for Immersion
I explored the nuanced, indexical thresholds within the Taleggio landscape and aquatic ecosystems and paired these experiments with an investigation of investigation itself. What makes a place truly unique? What objective and subjective cues allow us to understand our environment and how can we reflexively explore these cues? By highlighting thresholds visually, I created prompt cards that allow both residents and visitors to explore and discuss the valley’s environment at multiple spatial scales. Through curious engagement and transdisciplinary perspective, participants contextualize their natural surroundings in a rich and pragmatic way, adding to the collective dialogue of the valley.
Skye Moret is a data-driven designer. Her diverse background in marine science—having sailed 80,000+ miles around the globe—fuels her belief in the power of art and design in communicating nature and science. Her work investigates the complex relationship between nature and technology-mediated human expectations, experiences, and engagement.
USA
Cues for Immersion
I explored the nuanced, indexical thresholds within the Taleggio landscape and aquatic ecosystems and paired these experiments with an investigation of investigation itself. What makes a place truly unique? What objective and subjective cues allow us to understand our environment and how can we reflexively explore these cues? By highlighting thresholds visually, I created prompt cards that allow both residents and visitors to explore and discuss the valley’s environment at multiple spatial scales. Through curious engagement and transdisciplinary perspective, participants contextualize their natural surroundings in a rich and pragmatic way, adding to the collective dialogue of the valley.
Skye Moret is a data-driven designer. Her diverse background in marine science—having sailed 80,000+ miles around the globe—fuels her belief in the power of art and design in communicating nature and science. Her work investigates the complex relationship between nature and technology-mediated human expectations, experiences, and engagement.
Indizi per l’immersione
Ho indicizzato le soglie del paesaggio e dei sistemi acquatici della Val Taleggio esplorandone le sfumature. Accopiando questi esperimenti con un'indagine sull'indagine stessa. Cosa rende un luogo davvero unico? Quali indizi oggettivi e soggettivi ci consentono di comprendere il nostro ambiente e come possiamo esplorare riflessivamente questi segnali? Evidenziando visivamente le soglie, ho creato delle schede che consentono a residenti e visitatori di esplorare e discutere l'ambiente della valle a più dimensioni. Puntando sulla curiosita’ e il coinvolgimento, attraverso una prospettiva transdisciplinare, i partecipanti potranno contestualizzare il loro ambiente naturale in modo ricco e pragmatico, arricchendo nella Valle il dialogo collettivo.
Skye Moret è una information designer. Il suo background in scienze marine - ha navigato oltre 80.000 miglia in tutto il mondo - alimenta la sua convinzione nel potere dell'arte e del design nel comunicare natura e scienza. Il suo lavoro indaga la complessa relazione tra la natura e le aspettative, le esperienze e l'impegno umani mediati dalla tecnologia.
Matthew G. Wong
Boston, MA USA
Hidden Waters: Hybrid Representations of Val Taleggio
Hidden Waters is a portrait of Val Taleggio’s watershed, drawn with the intention of expanding the spatial understanding of the valley’s hydrologic network. By employing the use of drone technology, field notes, and analog forms of documentation, the investigation aims to develop a telescopic view of the valley’s hydroelectric infrastructural network along the Enna River in the Orridi. The drawing focuses on illustrating the relationship between infrastructure, topography and water as actors underlying Val Taleggio’s ecology.
Matthew G. Wong is a landscape designer exploring the interface between artificial and natural systems through various modes of representation. His current work concerns large scale landscapes of production involving agricultural arrangements and hydrologic systems of the southwest United States. He holds a Bachelor’s of Science from the University of California, Davis and a Masters of Landscape Architecture from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where he was awarded the Norman T. Newton Prize.
Boston, MA USA
Hidden Waters: Hybrid Representations of Val Taleggio
Hidden Waters is a portrait of Val Taleggio’s watershed, drawn with the intention of expanding the spatial understanding of the valley’s hydrologic network. By employing the use of drone technology, field notes, and analog forms of documentation, the investigation aims to develop a telescopic view of the valley’s hydroelectric infrastructural network along the Enna River in the Orridi. The drawing focuses on illustrating the relationship between infrastructure, topography and water as actors underlying Val Taleggio’s ecology.
Matthew G. Wong is a landscape designer exploring the interface between artificial and natural systems through various modes of representation. His current work concerns large scale landscapes of production involving agricultural arrangements and hydrologic systems of the southwest United States. He holds a Bachelor’s of Science from the University of California, Davis and a Masters of Landscape Architecture from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where he was awarded the Norman T. Newton Prize.
Acque Nascoste: Rappresentazioni ibride della Val Taleggio
Hidden Waters è un ritratto dello spartiacque della Val Taleggio, disegnato con l'intenzione di espandere la comprensione spaziale della rete idrologica della valle. Utilizzando la tecnologia del drone, appunti di campo e forme analogiche di documentazione, l'indagine mira a sviluppare una vista telescopica della rete idroelettrica della valle lungo il fiume Enna negli Orridi. Il disegno si concentra sull'illustrazione del rapporto tra infrastruttura, topografia e acqua come attori chiave dell'ecologia della Val Taleggio.
Matthew G. Wong è un paesaggista che esplora l'interfaccia tra sistemi artificiali e naturali attraverso varie modalità di rappresentazione. Il suo lavoro riguarda paesaggi di produzione su larga scala che coinvolgono sistemi agricoli e sistemi idrologici del sud-ovest degli Stati Uniti. Ha conseguito una laurea in scienze presso l'Università della California, Davis e un master in architettura del paesaggio presso la Harvard Graduate School of Design, dove ha ricevuto il premio Norman T. Newton.
2018 Alt. Residents
Stacy Passmore, Landscape Architect / USAEmma Strebel, Artist / USA
Paul Mosig & Rachel Peachey, Artists / Melbourne, Australia
Ashe Gutierez & Carley Culmo, Performing Artists / Florida, USA
Remnant Dance: Lucinda Coleman, Ellen Avery, Katie Chown, Performing Artists / Australia - PROJECT CULACCINI / ‘Performing Water’ short dance film
Luisa Brando, Architect / Colombia
Cassandra Celestin, Artist / Athens, Greece
Brian Ng, Animator and Cook / California, USA - Terrarium
For me, it was an extraordinary experience: to actually have three whole weeks in this beautiful village . . . to have the time and space to explore the location...an exceptional experience.
Reference: Avery, E. (2020, 14 August 2020) NAH_Stories: Ellen Avery/Interviewer: L. Coleman. NAH_Stories, Nature, Art & Habitat Residency.
But what was curious about Italy and specifically, Sottochiesa, was that I came in being super-critical to how rivers have been polluted...and then, in Sottochiesa, water was everywhere! There were, like, more water fountains than people! And it was for free and it was like all my projects came down because I had nothing to criticize...and slowly it came about: it started to take another shape...Art, for me, starts dialogue. And that’s what’s important about it: it starts dialogue within myself, but also within a community...and I think we have to have dialogues about how we are connecting and relating to nature
Reference: Brando, L. (2020, 2 September 2020) NAH_Stories: Luisa Brando/Interviewer: L. Coleman. NAH_Stories, Nature, Art & Habitat Residency.
For me, the hiking trails that existed in Sottochiesa, and in the valley in general, were really incredible because it was this opportunity to sort of engage with a place that was clearly so old - it had such an old relationship to building around the natural environment - and yet was also very available to us as newcomers, because of these very thoughtful hikes.
Reference: Celestin, C. (2020, 30 September 2020) NAH_Stories: Cassandra Celestin/Interviewer: L. Coleman. NAH_Stories, Nature, Art & Habitat Residency.
...being there and feeling what the space is like, it was more about, like, Oh . . . it’s actually more about the place. Reference: Peachey, R. (2020, 19 August 2020) NAH_Stories: Rachel Peachey & Paul Mosig/Interviewer: L. Coleman. NAH_Stories, Nature, Art & Habitat Residency.
2018 Visitors
Paolo Belloni, Architect / Bergamo, ItalyGloria Cornolti, Prov. Bg / Bergamo, Italy
Pietro Invernizzi, Scalpellino / Val Imagna, Italy
Maurizio Ori, Landscape Architect / Cremona, CR, Italy